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Three Point Lighting

Principles of three point portraiture lighting for television

Whether you're lighting a person, a group, an object, a scene or some action - the techniques to use can be broken down to a few basic principles.

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Key Light

A key light is generally a light in front of the subject. It illuminates the subject above the level of the background, making it stand out and telling the viewer it's the focus of the scene.

It creates shadows which give the subject modelling and shape. The angle of the key light to the subject and camera is crucial to the result. Bigger angles create more shadows and can make a subjects look more dramatic.

Controlling the Contrast

The second lamp is usually a diffused source on the opposite side from the key light. It controls the contrast without creating hard shadows in the opposite direction to those of the key light.

Lights behind the Subject

The final light source is placed behind the subject or diagonally opposite the key light to light the subject from behind. This 'rim lights' them, separating them from the background and enhancing a three dimensional look.

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You don't have to use three lights in every shoot - it's all about balancing or enhancing whatever is already there. Often less is best.

If you understand the guidelines and rules then you'll know when and how to break them! Above all else remember that lighting should always be used to enhance the story you're telling.

For more information on lighting for DV check out these courses:

Good Shooting Guide (online)
Contains a section on three point lighting (Open the module, visit the Explore section, under 'Film the perfect picture', select 'Make the most of the available light')

DV Lighting Safety (online)

DV lighting and Safety Workshop (face to face)


This article was written by Ian Hider - TV Operations Specialist at BBC Training & Development.